Medicinal plants

Medicinal plantshave been identified and used throughout human history. Plants have the ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds that are used to perform important biological functions, and to defend against attack from predatorssuch as insects, fungiand herbivorous mammals. At least 12,000 such compounds have been isolated so far; a number estimated to be less than 10% of the total. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]Chemical compounds in plants mediate their effects on the human body through processes identical to those already well understood for the chemical compounds in conventional drugs; thus herbal medicines do not differ greatly from conventional drugs in terms of how they work. This enables herbal medicines to be as effective as conventional medicines, but also gives them the same potential to cause harmful side effects.